Comment: The special relationship thrown into turmoil by Trump Published on: 13 July 2018 Writing for The Conversation, Dr Martin Farr discusses the recent history of the relationship between Britain and the US. One of the few conventions Donald Trump has observed as president has been to venerate . The intention was obvious therefore when on the evening of his arrival in the UK he was at Churchill鈥檚 birthplace, Blenheim Palace. Indeed, in the whole of his three days in Britain, the only time Trump was allocated to spend outside of a palace, a castle, or a golf course was be in a helicopter going between them 鈥� an arrangement not unlike the visit of the , George W Bush. Trump arrived in the UK at an extraordinarily sensitive moment. Britain is detaching itself from one of its two geo-strategic moorings, the EU, the other being the US. The importance of that relationship sent the prime minister, Theresa May, (and to ) across the Atlantic to meet Trump as soon as he became president. She has now welcomed him in the midst of her latest, most serious, 鈥� seeking support from the 鈥渟pecial relationship鈥�. With massive protests planned weeks in advance, the plan was to keep the visit as tight and cloistered as possible. Given the guest, there were high expectations of the unexpected. But Trump has actually exceeded them. In an on July 12, Trump said May鈥檚 Brexit policy would 鈥減robably kill鈥� a US-UK trade deal 鈥� a key ambition of Brexiters 鈥� the problem being, typically, that 鈥渟he didn鈥檛 listen to me鈥�. He then praised her recently departed foreign secretary as likely to 鈥渕ake a great prime minister鈥�. The pageantry of the palace appears to have counted for little, and Theresa May has been placed in an impossible position like no prime minister before her. Evidently enjoying the chaos he had created, in their joint meeting at Trump, by turns contradictory and incoherent, blamed 鈥渇ake news鈥� for stories of disagreement, and was at pains to state that their relationship was 鈥渧ery, very strong鈥�, and that his visit was 鈥渞eally something鈥�. At a joint press conference after their meeting, he clouded his original meaning: 鈥淥nce the Brexit process is concluded and maybe the UK has left the EU 鈥� I don鈥檛 know what you鈥檙e gonna do, just make sure we can trade together, that鈥檚 all that matters.鈥� To settle matters he assured the world that the special relationship was 鈥渢he highest level of special鈥�. Trump鈥檚 earlier transgressions had become so well-known as to be a litany. He has retweeted , endorsed for US ambassador, insulted and derided the location of America鈥檚 new . His latest interventions are nothing less than a calculated insult to the prime minister 鈥� a humiliation. One runs out of superlatives. Nothing like this has ever happened before. To add to the general air of unreality, this was the first time the itinerary of a presidential visit has been published alongside a list of one can choose from. Still, the visit has its precedents. Convention and choreography Trump is the 12th US president to visit the UK while in office. Of the two-termers, Bill Clinton came six times, George W Bush five, Barack Obama and Ronald Reagan four, Richard Nixon three, and Dwight Eisenhower two. One-termers Jimmy Carter and George Bush each came once, though John F Kennedy managed two visits in his single foreshortened term. Before Kennedy, only two presidents had visited, both after shared victories in world war: on his way to Potsdam in August 1945, and on his way to the Paris Peace Conference in December 1918. first visit in 1969 was subject to protests against Vietnam 鈥� an American war a Labour prime minister (partly in consequence, Lyndon Johnson never came). visited in 2003 during another American war which had elicited a from a different Labour prime minister. It鈥檚 a reflection of the orientation of the respective political cultures that it鈥檚 only ever Republican presidents who are unpopular in Britain. The worst it got for a Democrat was the awkwardness of visit in February 1993 鈥� and only then because of the John Major government鈥檚 rather injudicious preference for . What united all of these visits was convention. Even when there were Anglo-American disagreements, there was at least diplomatic language and due process. Indeed, Trump鈥檚 behaviour is a challenge to norms of diplomacy, manners, even : no previous president would have publicly described somewhere he was about to visit 鈥� much less a close ally 鈥� as 鈥溾��. Such iconoclasm is of course, central to his appeal; his purpose. Choreography has always been applied to add value to these visits: Reagan stayed at Windsor Castle, and , as did and 鈥� who also . The present president is a test of any choreographer. Tearing up the rulebook When one party to a diplomatic encounter appears to delight in subverting the norms of due process, personal diplomacy assumes greater significance 鈥� but Trump鈥檚 capriciousness presents another challenge when set against May鈥檚 . Yet however fashionable it is to deny it 鈥� and however Trump and May鈥檚 relationship might be 鈥� these two countries really do share a . Britain and America鈥檚 commonalities 鈥� language, commerce, defence, foreign policy, intelligence, customs, culture 鈥� mean that, as close Obama adviser said this month, the UK and US , because the start and end points are the same: 鈥淭hat makes it a unique relationship that you don鈥檛 have with any other country.鈥� This is, perhaps, the greatest challenge for the prime minister: it鈥檚 no longer clear what start or end points the US and UK share. Indeed, as Trump has demonstrated since arriving, nobody knew what her guest would say on any given subject 鈥� possibly not even the guest himself. It is an axiom of diplomacy to deal with the world as it is rather as one might like it to be, and it follows that the visit of any American president needs to be a welcoming one. But protesters have more power than they may realise: Trump had already one visit for fear of a humiliating reception, and no other president is so likely to feel slighted 鈥� even if, as a native New Yorker, Trump will be familiar with . It seems an age since an American president - still living - with minimal security, and was met by thousands of members of the public, cheering and waving. In rare continuity, this president has also attracted thousands of members of the public, with their . , Senior Lecturer in Modern and Contemporary British History, This article was originally published on . Read the . 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