Staff Profile
Professor Simi Ali
Professor of Immunobiology
- Personal Website:
- Address: Theme: Immunity and Inflammation
Translational and Clinical Research Institute
Faculty of Medical Sciences
3rd Floor Leech Building
缅北禁地
NE2 4HH
Roles and Responsibilities
I have held senior management responsibilities within the University and Institute and also serve on external Scientific Committees. For example:
Faculty Membership
Deputy Dean For Research and Innovation (2024-2027)
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Molecular Sciences for Medicine (MoSMed), (Co-director, lead for Faculty of Medical Sciences) January 2019-2026.
Member of MRes exam committee. (2007-present)
External Committees
Member of Northern Counties Kidney Research Fund Scientific Committee (2011-present)
Panel Member for National Athena SWAN (Equality Challenge Unit)
Past Membership
Member of Faculty Promotion Committee (2015-18)
Mentor for Faculty Future's Programme (2014-2020)
University appointed Governor for Royal Grammar School (2010-2018).
Member of Institute of Cellular Medicine Executive Board (2012-15)
Member of University Senate (2009-2012).
ICM Post-graduate coordinator (2004-2011).
ICM Athena SWAN lead (2011-2017)
Areas of expertise
Transplantation, Ischaemia reperfusion injury, ex vivo organ perfusion; endothelial permeability, Chemokines & their interaction with Glycosaminoglycans
Qualifications
1984 BSc Chemistry (1st Class Honours). AMU, Aligarh, India.
1986 MSc Biochemistry (1st Class). AMU, Aligarh, India.
1991 PhD Biochemistry. Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
Previous Positions
1990-91 Commonwealth Post-doctoral Fellow in Molecular Biology at UMIST, Manchester, UK.
1992-95 Post-doctoral Fellow at Department of Biological Sciences, University of 缅北禁地 upon Tyne. Project funded by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.
1995 (Sept) Lecturer in Molecular Biology of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of 缅北禁地 Upon Tyne. (Funded by Northern Counties Kidney Research Fund).
1999(Sept) Lecturer B, Department of Surgery (HEFCE funded)
2002 Senior Lecturer
2007 Reader in Immunobiology
2011 Professor of Molecular Immunology
Memberships
British Society of Immunology, British Transplantation Society
Honours and Awards
1. Award for Excellence in Science technology and Engineering (Muslim News)-Presented by: Rt Hon Ed Miliband MP, Leader of the Labour Party, London, March 2015.
2. Exhibition at Hatton's gallery on Inspirational Women of North East from 3rd October -20th December, 2013-I have been used as one of the examples. http://www.iwne.org/
3. I was awarded special recognition award by Roche Organ Transplantation research Fund for my contribution to research in Transplantation (cash award of 1000 Swiss Francs)-April 2011.
4. Member of Northern Counties Kidney Research Fund Scientific Sub-Committee.
5. Member of panel for ICM Grant Review System.
6. Regularly review grants for MRC, BBSRC, Cancer Research UK, British Heart Foundation, Wellcome, Asthma UK Foundation and Singapore Biomedical Research Council.
6. Institute of Cellular Medicine was awarded Athena SWAN silver award-June 2013 & 2016 (I was the academic lead for this application).
7. Editorial Board Member for
· Scientific Reports
· Mediators of Inflammation
Frontiers in Alloimmunity and Transplantation
Research Interests
My group has a strong background in understanding the mechanisms of inflammation following transplantation (PMID:36622452, 30794825). My recent work has demonstrated therapeutic potential of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonism during IRI (PMID: 37446370).
I am also involved in development of methods to improve the quality of transplant organs (PMID:32506663, 34932895) and lead on an NIHR-EME (2023-26) exploring the underlying mechanistic pathways that confer statin induced organ protection in recipients.
I have contributed to 4 patents, including a recent application for use of bioreactor linked with ex vivo perfusion (P78261GB).
Research Roles
I currently supervise Post-doctoral Fellow, Research associate, PhD students, MD students and technician. I regularly take Mres and undergraduate project students.
I referee grants regularly from British Heart Foundation, BBSRC etc and have been appointed as examiner (internal/external) regularly for PhD as well as MD thesis. Furthermore, I am also involved in the annual assessment of PhD and MD students within the School/Faculty.
Postgraduate Supervision
I have successfully supervised 28 PhD students (17 as lead supervisor and 11 as Co-supervisor).
Currently, I supervise 4 PhD students as a Primary research supervisor and 4 as co-supervisor. I also supervise 2 postdoctoral research associates, 4MRes/MSc students and 2 technicians.
Esteem Indicators
1. Merit award by 缅北禁地 in recognition of my achievements in Research and innovation and overall contribution to University (August 2022).
2. Award for Excellence in Science technology and Engineering (Muslim News)-Presented by Rt Hon Ed Miliband MP, Leader of the Labour Party, London, March 2015.
3. Exhibition at Hatton's gallery on Inspirational Women of North East from 3rd October -20th December, 2013-I have been used as one of the examples. http://www.iwne.org/
4. I was awarded special recognition award by Roche Organ Transplantation research Fund for my contribution to research in Transplantation (cash award of 1000 Swiss Francs)-April 2011.
5. Awarded Commonwealth Post-doctoral Fellowship, Manchester University, 1991.
Recent Presentation at Conference/invited talk/Awards to me & group members
· Oral presentation at European Society of Organ Transplantation (ESOT), 29 June-2 July'2025, London, UK.
· Oral presentation at the Transplantation Society 2024 meeting in Istanbul, Turkey (September 22-25)
· Invited speaker at European Chemokine and Cell Migration Conference (ECMC) September’2023, Belgium.
· Invited Speaker UK Proteoglycan meeting, Leeds, 12.01.2023.
· Invited speaker at British Transplant Research Unit Conference, Cambridge, UK, October’2022.
Group members:
• Jenny Gilmour (Post-doc), awarded Young Investigator Award by European Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, January 2024.
• 4 group members short listed for oral presentation at British Transplantation Society, March 2024.
• Lu Wang: Oral presentation at BTS 2023. Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion to Improve Donor Heart Quality
• PhD student (Emily Thompson) awarded Medical Faculty Doctoral thesis award (2022).
• Emily Thompson won the Leonardo da Vinci award at the European Society of Transplantation. September 2019.
• Dr Thompson (my PhD student) received the Medawar medal from the British Transplantation Society, 2019.
• Tom Pither presented his work at Medawar Medal presentation during British Transplantation Society Annual Congress 2020.
Current Funding:
1. MRC. Repurposing existing Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators to reduce risk of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after lung transplantation £405,493 (S Ali, A Fisher, J Dark). 1.09.2025-31.08.2028.
2. NIHR-EME. Examine the mechanisms in the potential downregulation of brain stem death induced proinflamatory responses by Simvastatin £340,000 (PI S Ali) 01.04.2023-31.03.2026.
3. BHF Non-clinical PhD Studentship. “Attenuation of damage to endothelium in transplanted heart by targeting the IL-6 /S1P signalling axis. (Simi Ali, £120,000, January 2025-Janurary 2028).
4. British Heart Foundation. Role of human amniotic epithelial cell derived extracellular vesicles in reducing ischaemia-reperfusion injury in human donor hearts. John Dark & Simi Ali, £164,000, 1.09.2024-31.08.2027.
5. NIHR-HTA. Statins in Organ Donor Management An evaluation of the benefits of giving a single dose of Simvastatin to brain-stem dead organ donors on outcomes in recipients of organs from the donor. £1,427,129. 1.10.2020-30.06.2026 (Co-Applicant, PI-John Dark).
6. Welcome 4ward North. Role of human amniotic epithelial cell derived extracellular vesicles in reducing ischaemia reperfusion injury in human donor lungs. CTRF awarded to Nick Chilvers. £210,000 1.08.2023-31.07.2025. (Supervisor).
7. MRC. Hollow-fiber bioreactor technology to explore mechanisms and delivery of cellular therapy during machine perfusion of donated human kidneys. CTRF awarded to Sam Tingle. £210,000. 1.08.2023-31.07.2026 (Supervisor).
8. NIHR-Blood and Transplant research Unit. Organ Donation and Transplantation £1,814,890 (Co-applicant, PI-Andrew Fisher) 1.04.2022-31.03.2027.
9. Fight for sight. Limbal stem cell deficiency. £249,889 01.05.2022-30.04.2025.(Co-applicant, PI-Lyle Armstrong).
10. EPSRC, M Waring. EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Molecular Sciences for Medicine. £6,916,264. (S Ali- Co-applicant and lead for Medical School awarded two studentship in my group~£240,000). 01.09.2019-31.08.2026.
11. ERC, Off-the-shelf hypoimmunogenic photoreceptors for treatment of blinding retinal disease.(Co-Applicant, PI M Lako) £2,116,789, 01.06.2023-31.05.2028.
Patents
- PCT/GB2005/002184 (Filing date: 3rd June 2005), non-GAG binding chemokine receptor agonists CCL7, which may be used to treat inflammatory conditions. (Ali S and Kirby JA).
- .Inventor on European patent application 07450189.1-2406, SDF-1 based glycosaminoglycan antagonists and method of using same. (Kungl A, Werner, I, Slingsby, J, Ali, S, Kirby, JA).
- Use of bioreactor linked with ex vivo perfusion (P78261GB).
Postgraduate Teaching
Mres Applied Immunobiology of Human Disease (20 credits) MMB8015, Strand leader: I designed this multi-disciplinary module, drawing upon the specialized expertise and research strengths of academic staff in Medical faculty in 2006. I stepped down from being a Module leader (2009/10) but I have retained the position of strand leader. This involves allocating the project to students stranding in AIB, nominating both external and internal examiners for the dissertation. Additionally, I give two lectures on the AIB module and also assess the oral presentations. (Marking includes essay, exam scripts and Mres thesis).
PGY805 MRes in Medical & Molecular Biosciences (Transplantation Sciences) (Lecture 2h, Course work/tutorial 5h)
Undergraduate Teaching
BMS 3007 Research in Biomedical Sciences (Lecture 4h, course work 2h).
BMS 3021 Immunology of Health and Disease (Lecture 2h & Paper interpretation exercise)
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Articles
- Tingle SJ, Connelly C, Glover EK, Stenberg B, Mcneill A, Kourounis G, Gibson BG, Mahendran B, Bates L, Cooper M, Pook R, Lee S, Brown ML, Figueiredo R, Marchbank KJ, Ali S, Sheerin N, Wilson CH, Thompson ER. . Transplant International 2025, 38, 14268.
- Glover EK, Berlinguer-Palmini R, Thompson ER, Wilson C, Denby L, Reynolds G, Ali S, Lowe M, Lennon R, Sheerin NS. . Scientific Reports 2025, 15, 31799.
- Gilmour J, Sigvardsson A-L, Henriksson E, Fisher AJ, Ali S. . JHLT Open 2024, 4, 100091.
- Figueiredo GS, Hogg J, Okonkwo A, Baylis OJ, Berry M, Ali S, Lako M, Figueiredo FC. . Ophthalmology and Therapy 2023, 12, 1097–1107.
- Thompson S, Pang CY, Sepuru KM, Cambier S, Hellyer TP, Scott J, Simpson AJ, Proost P, Kirby JA, Rajarathnan K, Sheerin NS, Ali S. . Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2023, 80, 35.
- Pither T, Wang L, Bates L, Morrison M, Charlton C, Griffiths C, Macdonald J, Bigley V, Mavridou M, Barsby J, Borthwick L, Dark J, Scott W, Ali S, Fisher AJ. . Transplantation 2023, 107(10), 2179-2189.
- Wilkins GC, Gilmour J, Giannoudaki E, Kirby JA, Sheerin NS, Ali S. . International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2023, 24(13), 11192.
- Thompson ER, Sewpaul A, Figuereido R, Bates L, Tingle SJ, Ferdinand JR, Situmorang GR, Ladak SS, Connelly CM, Hosgood SA, Nicholson ML, Clatworthy MR, Ali S, Wilson CH, Sheerin NS. . American Journal of Transplantation 2022, 22(4), 1088-1100.
- Marsh SA, Park C, Redgrave RE, Singh E, Draganova L, Boag SE, Spray L, Ali S, Spyridopoulos I, Arthur HM. . FASEB Journal 2021, 35(5), e21604.
- Thompson ER, Bates L, Ibrahim IK, Sewpaul A, Stenberg B, McNeill A, Figueiredo R, Girdlestone T, Wilkins GC, Tingle SJ, Scott WE, Lamos H, Mellor AL, Roobrouck VD, Ting AE, Hosgood SA, Nicholson ML, Fisher AJ, Ali S, Sheerin NS, Wilson CH. . American Journal of Transplantation 2021, 21(4), 1402-1414.
- Jordan NP, Tingle SJ, Shuttleworth VG, Cooke K, Redgrave RE, Singh E, Glover EK, Tajuddin HBA, Kirby JA, Arthur HM, Ward C, Sheerin NS, Ali S. . International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22(16), 8629.
- Del Molino Del Barrio I, Meeson A, Cooke K, Malki MI, Barron-Millar B, Kirby JA, Ali S. . Cancers 2021, 13(14), 3462.
- Coelho-Lima J, Mohammed A, Cormack S, Jones S, Ali A, Panahi P, Barter M, Bagnall A, Ali S, Young D, Spyridopoulos I. . Clinical Chemistry 2020, 66(1), 247-256.
- Wang L, MacGowan GA, Ali S, Dark JH. . Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 2020, 40(1), 69-86.
- Tingle SJ, Sewpaul A, Bates L, Thompson ER, Shuttleworth V, Figueiredo R, Ibrahim IK, Ali S, Wilson C, Sheerin NS. . Transplantation 2020, 104(9), 1853-1861.
- Ladak SS, Roebuck E, Powell J, Fisher AJ, Ward C, Ali S. . Transplantation 2019, 103(11), 2275-2286.
- Ferreras L, Moles A, Situmorang G, el Masri R, Wilson I, Cooke K, Thompson E, Kusche-Gullberg M, Vivès M, Sheerin N, Ali S. . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 2019, 1863(5), 839-848.
- Martinez-Burgo B, Cobb S, Pohl E, Kashanin D, Paul T, Kirby JA, Sheerin N, Ali S. . Immunology 2019, 157(2), 173-184.
- Aldhahrani A, Powell J, Ladak S, Ali M, Ali S, Verdon B, Pearson J, Ward C. . The Laryngoscope 2018, 128(9), 2029-2033.
- Glover EK, Jordan N, Sheerin NS, Ali S. . Transplantation 2018, 103(4), e64-e73.
- Coelho-Lima J, Mohammed A, Cormack S, Jones S, Das R, Egred M, Panahi P, Ali S, Spyridopoulos I. . Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2018, 118(7), 1257-1269.
- del Molino del Barrio I, Wilkins GC, Meeson A, Ali S, Kirby JA. . International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2018, 19(11), 3592.
- Andreasson ASI, Borthwick LA, Gillespie C, Jiwa K, Scott J, Henderson P, Mayes J, Romano R, Roman M, Ali S, Fildes JE, Marczin N, Dark JH, Fisher AJ, on behalf of the DEVELOP-UK Investigators. . Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 2017, 36(9), 985-995.
- Andreasson ASI, Karamanou DM, Gillespie CS, Özalp F, Butt T, Hill P, Jiwa K, RWalden H, Green NJ, Borthwick LA, Clark SC, Pauli H, Gould KF, Corris PA, Ali S, Dark JH, Fisher AJ. . European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 2017, 51(3), 577-586.
- Barker CE, Thompson S, O'Boyle G, Lortat-Jacob H, Sheerin NS, Ali S, Kirby JA. . Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 44384.
- Shaharuddin B, Ahmad S, MdLatar N, Ali S, Meeson A. . Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017, 6(3), 761-766.
- Shaharuddin B, Osei-Bempong C, Ahmad S, Rooney P, Ali S, Oldershaw R, Meeson A. . Regenerative Medicine 2016, 11(3), 273-286.
- Hjortø GM, Larsen O, Steen A, Daugvilaite V, Berg C, Fares S, Hansen M, Ali S, Rosenkilde MM. . Frontiers in Immunology 2016, 7, 568.
- Singh Dang T, Willet JDP, Griffin HR, Morgan NV, O'Boyle G, Arkwright PD, Hughes SM, Abinun M, Tee LJ, Barge D, Engelhardt KR, Jackson M, Cant AJ, Maher ER, Santibanez Koref M, Reynard LN, Ali S, Hambleton S. . Journal of Clinical Immunology 2016, 36(2), 117-122.
- Gschwandtner M, Trinker MU, Hecher B, Adage T, Ali S, Kungl AJ. . FEBS Letters 2015, 589(19), 2819-2824.
- Alhasan AA, Spielhofer J, Kusche-Gullberg M, Kirby JA, Ali S. . Journal of Biological Chemistry 2014, 289(29), 20295-20306.
- Shaharuddin B, Harvey I, Ahmad S, Ali S, Meeson A. . Stem Cell Reviews and Reports 2014, 10(2), 240-250.
- Douglass A, Meeson AP, Overbeck-Zubrzycka D, Brain JG, Bennett MR, Lamb CA, Lennard TWJ, Browell D, Ali S, Kirby JA. . The Journal of Pathology 2014, 234(1), 74-85.
- Pekalski M, Jenkinson SE, Willet JDP, Poyner EFM, Alhamidi AH, Robertson H, Ali S, Kirby JA. . Immunobiology 2013, 218(3), 303-310.
- Willet JDP, Pichitsiri W, Jenkinson SE, Brain JG, Wood K, Alhasan AA, Spielhofer J, Robertson H, Ali S, Kirby JA. . Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2013, 93(4), 471-478.
- Saleki M, Colgin N, Kirby JA, Cobb SL, Ali S. . MedChemComm 2013, 4(5), 860-864.
- Naemi FMA, Carter V, Kirby JA, Ali S. . Transplantation 2013, 96(3), 258-266.
- Mavin E, Ahmed SS, O'Boyle G, Turner B, Douglass S, Collin M, Ali S, Dickinson A, Wang X-N. . Transplantation 2012, 94(5), 456-464.
- Swan DJ, Kirby JA, Ali S. . PLoS One 2012, 7(9), e45548.
- O'Boyle G, Fox CR, Walden HR, Willet JD, Mavin ER, Hine DW, Palmer JM, Barker CE, Lamb CA, Ali S, Kirby JA. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2012, 109(12), 4598-4603.
- O'Boyle G, Ali S, Kirby JA. . Transplantation Reviews 2011, 25(4), 136-144.
- Naemi FMA, Ali S, Kirby JA. . Transplantation Immunology 2011, 25(2-3), 96-103.
- Ali S, O'Boyle G, Hepplewhite P, Tyler JR, Robertson H, Kirby JA. . American Journal of Transplantation 2010, 10(1), 47-58.
- Bradford L, Marshall H, Robertson H, Kirby JA, Graham G, Ali S, O'Boyle G. . Transplantation 2010, 89(11), 1411-1416.
- Newton P, O'Boyle G, Jenkins Y, Ali S, Kirby JA. . Molecular Immunology 2009, 47(2-3), 485-492.
- O'Boyle G, Mellor P, Kirby JA, Ali S. . FASEB Journal 2009, 23(11), 3906-3916.
- Al-Hamidi A, Pekalski M, Robertson H, Ali S, Kirby JA. . Molecular Immunology 2008, 45(15), 4000-4007.
- Ali S, Jenkins Y, Kirkley M, Dagkalis A, Manivannan A, Crane IJ, Kirby JA. . Journal of Immunology 2008, 181(4), 2407-2413.
- Mellor, P., Harvey, J., Murphy, K, Pye, D., O'Boyle, G, Lennard, T.W.J., Kirby, J., Ali, S. . British Journal of Cancer 2007, 97(6), 761-768.
- Harvey, J., Mellor, P., Eldaly, H., Lennard, T.W.J., Kirby, J., Ali, S. . Clinical Cancer Research 2007, 13(5), 1562-1570.
- Ali S, Lazennec G. . Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 2007, 26(3-4), 401-420.
- O'Boyle G, Brain JG, Kirby JA, Ali S. . Molecular Immunology 2007, 44(8), 1954-1963.
- Ali S, Malik G, Burns A, Robertson H, Kirby JA. . Transplantation 2005, 79(6), 672-679.
- Ali S, Robertson H, Wain JH, Isaacs JD, Malik G, Kirby JA. . Journal of Immunology 2005, 175(2), 1257-1266.
- Hardy LA, Booth TA, Lau EK, Handel TM, Ali S, Kirby JA. . Laboratory Investigation 2004, 84(1), 81-90.
- Robertson H, Ali S, McDonnell BJ, Burt AD, Kirby JA. . Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2004, 15(2), 390-397.
- Wong WK, Robertson H, Carroll H, Ali S, Kirby JA. . Transplantation 2003, 75(4), 505-514.
- Rao JN, Clark SC, Ali S, Kirby J, Flecknell PA, Dark JH. . European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 2003, 23(4), 497-502.
- Carter NM, Ali S, Kirby JA. . Journal of Cell Science 2003, 116(17), 3591-3600.
- Carter N, Ali S, Kirby JA. . Journal of Cell Science 2003, 116(7), 3591.
- Wain JH, Kirby JA, Ali S. . Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2002, 127(3), 436-444.
- Ali S, Fritchley SJ, Chaffey BT, Kirby JA. . Glycobiology 2002, 12(9), 535-543.
- Ali S, Palmer ACV, Fritchley SJ, Maley Y, Kirby JA. . Biochemical Journal 2001, 358(3), 737-745.
- Carroll HP, Ali S, Kirby JA. . Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2001, 126(3), 589-597.
- Ali S, Palmer ACV, Banerjee B, Fritchley SJ, Kirby JA. . Journal of Biological Chemistry 2000, 275(16), 11721-11727.
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Editorial
- Ali S, Sheerin NS. . Kidney International 2013, 84(6), 1072-1074.
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Letters
- O'Boyle G, Ali S, Kirby JA. . Journal of Immunology 2013, 191(2), 525.
- Nilsson J, Ali S, Harvey I, Kirby J, Meeson A. . International Journal of Cardiology 2010, 145(3), 554-555.
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Note
- Hjorto GM, Larsen O, Steen A, Daugvilaite V, Berg C, Fares S, Hansen M, Ali S, Rosenkilde MM. . Frontiers in Immunology 2017, 8, 89.
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Reviews
- Thompson ER, Connelly C, Ali S, Sheerin N, Wilson C. . Transplant International 2021, 34(1), 49-58.
- Griffiths C, Scott III WE, Ali S, Fisher AJ. . QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 2020. In Press.
- Thompson S, Martinez-Burgo B, Sepuru KM, Rajarathnam K, Kirby JA, Sheerin NS, Ali S. . International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2017, 18(8), 1692.
- del Barrio ID, Kirby J, Ali S. . Methods in Enzymolgy 2016, 570, 309-333.
- Ladak SS, Ward C, Ali S. . Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 2016, 35(5), 550-9.
- Ferreras L, Sheerin NS, Kirby J, Ali S. . Current Transplantation Reports 2015, 2, 259-268.
- Barker CE, Ali S, O'Boyle G, Kirby JA. . Immunology 2014, 143(2), 138-145.
- Shaharuddin B, Ahmad S, Meeson A, Ali S. . Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2013, 2(8), 614-624.
- Douglass S, Ali S, Meeson AP, Browell D, Kirby JA. . Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 2012, 31(3-4), 843-854.
- Swan DJ, Kirby JA, Ali S. . Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 2010, 14(9), 2211-2222.
- Ali S, O'Boyle G, Mellor P, Kirby JA. . Molecular Immunology 2007, 44(7), 1477-1482.
- Ali S, Hardy LA, Kirby JA. . Transplantation 2003, 75(11), 1773-1782.
- Dowsland, M., Harvey, J., Lennard, T.W.J., Kirby, J.A., Ali, S. . Current Medicinal Chemistry 2003, 10(7), 579-592.